Achilles Tendon Pain
Achilles Tendinopathy Is A Broad Term That Covers Painful Conditions That Cause Damage To The Achilles Tendon (A Loss Of Normal Fibre Structure).
The Two Main Areas Of Damage Are The Mid Portion Of The Tendon And The Insertion. The Cause, Symptoms And Treatment Of Each Presentation Differ.
Insertional Symptoms
Pain is located at the base of the posterior heel- due to the close relationship between the insertion of the tendon, the bursa at the back of the heel and the heel bone itself. There may be a bony prominence and inflammation at the site.
Achilles Tendinitis Causes
Injury of the Achilles tendon occurs when the load applied to the tendon exceeds its capacity. This may occur in a single episode or over a period of time i.e. with overuse. Latest research suggests the tissue thickens when damaged, rather than becoming inflamed; however inflammation of surrounding structures may occur, particularly with insertional tendinopathy.
Common causes of overuse in the Achilles tendon may include:
● a return to running after a break
● increases in training or activity (speed, distance and gradient)
● decreased recovery time between runs
● Inefficient foot mechanics
● running on a cambered surface
● soft footwear
● calf muscle weakness
Insertional Treatment
Isolated treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy is less successful than for mid portion tendinopathy. However, combined exercises and injections may be useful.
Treatment for insertional Achilles tendon should focus on unloading the region. This may be achieved by wearing heel lifts and/ or with the use of orthotics. Night splints may also be used to maintain the ankle at 90 degrees during sleep.
Other treatment may focus on symptoms arising from the retrocalcaneal bursa, including:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication
Cortisone injections into the bursa
Surgery in the presence of a Haglund’s deformity or bursitis when conservative measures fail
Shock wave therapy can also help to decrease pain and to promote healing in select cases of insertional Achilles tendinopathy.
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